1	Foundations Review
2	Building Blocks of Civilization What is a Civilization? Economic System Political Organization Moral Code (Religion) Written Language and Intellectual Tradition
3	Early Man Beginnings of Humans Hominids: 3 to 4 million years on earth Hominids were primates Earliest Hominids called Australopithecine Bipeds Other Types of Early Man Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens
4	Stone Age Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) Hunter Gatherer Societies Agricultural Revolution: Neolithic Revolution Pastoralism and Agriculture
5	Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) Tools were used Simple Huts Fire
6	Hunter Gatherer Societies Family or Clan Groupings Political Organizations Begin Art and Music also practiced
7	Agricultural Revolution: Neolithic Revolution Occurred around end of Great Ice Age Rapid Population Growth Need for Change of Food Supply New Skills Needed
8	Pastoralism and Agriculture Begins with Domestication of Plants and Animals
9	Results of Agricultural Revolution Many Diversified Crops developed Development of Communities and Villages Not Based on family ties Lead to formation of Cities
10	Results of Agricultural Revolution Early Religions form around Harvest and Planting Seasons Specialization of Labor Improved Tools Development of Social Classes
11	River Valley Civilizations Mesopotamia Egypt Indus China
12	Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates River Valley Fertile Crescent Written Language: Cuneiform Epic of Gilgamesh Hammurabi’s Code
13	Egypt Nile River valley: Upper and Lower Egypt Inundation: regular flooding Schedule Monarchy: Pharaoh and Small class of Priests Duality: Complex Religion, Mummification Many great Inventions and Advances
14	Indus Valley Indus and Ganges Rivers Reason for decline not known Highly unified and organized government Artistic
15	China Yellow River valley Shang China: first dynasty Monarchy Bronze work, silk making, pottery, jade Zhou Dynasty: Many Advancements Mandate of heaven
16	Middle East Civilizations Persians Phoenicians Israel
17	Persians Created one of the largest empires on world history :from Turkey to Lybia Cyrus the Great was first king, Darius the Great Advanced Postal System, Roads, Single Currency, and Decentralized Government Zoroastrianism: Primary Religion Fell to Alexander the Great
18	Phoenicians Syria and Lebanon Advanced Export Economy Skilled Traders Established Carthage First Alphabet
19	Ancient Greece Aegean, Minoan, Mycenaean Civilizations Trading Societies Conquest (Trojan war) Joined into single Culture called Hellenes or Greeks
20	Greek City States: Polis Athens, Sparta Athens: educated, great thinkers Sparta: Warlike, Soldiers, Military Strength
21	Beginnings of Democracy Began in Athens Pericles Not full enfranchisement Most representative Government in Ancient World
22	Peloponnesian War Conflict between Athens and Sparta Left Greece Weak Open to conquest from Persians and then Macedonian “Alexander the Great”
23	Alexander the Great Great Conqueror, took over Asia, Persian Empire, territory to borderlands of India Spread Greek Culture throughout Eurasia
24	Hellenic Culture Science was important, Geometry, physics, mathematics and astronomy Poetry (Homer), Drama(Sophocles, Aeschyles, Euripedes) Philosophy, (Socrates, Plato)
25	Roman Republic Tensions between Plebeians (lower class) and Patrician (upper class) Beginning of Roman expansion
26	Punic Wars Three Campaigns against Carthage Rome was Victorious
27	Roman empire Began expanding to the East (Greece, Balkans) Julius Caesar, Octavian (Caesar Agustus)
28	Collapse of Roman Republic Too Much expansion Caused Social Problems, Civil wars Solidification of Leadership under single hand
29	Han Dynasty Strongest and longest dynasty Expansionist Empire Postal system Roads Defensive fortifications Weak Leadership caused collapse Corruption and leadership issues
30	India: Aryans Nomadic Group invaded India Earliest Europeans Conquered the Dravidians (Dark Skinned Indians) Established Warrior Aristocracy Established Sanskrit Vedic and Early Hindu faith
31	Caste System Priests (Brahmins) Warriors and Political Rulers (Kshatruyas) Commoners Servants and Peasants The “Untouchables” Born into Caste; Cannot be changed
32	India: Mauryan empire Ashoka: famous Emperor Converted to Buddhism Collapsed from outside attacks
33	India: Guapta Empire Religious toleration Muslim invaders
34	Religions Judaism Hebrews Monotheistic YAWEH Covenant Islam Founded by Muhammad Five Pillars Allah
35	Religions Christianity Messiah: Jesus Evangelical Hinduism Bramin, Multiple Gods, Darma, Karma, Reincarnation
36	Religions Buddhism 4 Noble truths 8 fold path Daoism (Taoism) The Way Harmony with Nature
37	Caliphates Split in Islamic believers after the death of Mohammed Sunni and Shiite “Caliph” - leader of the Islamic faith Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Golden age of Islamic Culture
38	Amerindian Civilizations Olmec Mother civilization for Central America Maya Teotihuacan Located in Mexico and Central America Religion included Sacrifice Ended from War
39	Amerindian Civilizations Inca Located along the Andes Mountains of Peru Specially adapted to high altitudes Domesticated Llama Aztec Tribute System
40	Forms of Government Oligarchy Rule by a group of elite families Monarchy Leadership by one person passed through family (constitutional Monarchy) limits to power by constitution or parliament
41	Forms of Government Republic Citizens all participate in government Democracy All citizens play the same role in government Theocracy Rule by the church or priests (No separation of Church and State)