Quiz

1	The major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans included all of the following except
			the search for fresh resources.
			the desire to trade directly with Asian and sub-Saharan markets.
			the Christian urge to spread the faith around the world.
2	The technological development of the sternpost rudder and two new types of sails
			allowed ships to go against prevailing wind patterns.
			prevented Portuguese sailors from reaching Africa.
			provided the Chinese with new technology.
3	The first instrument used by European mariners to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or the pole star above the horizon was the
			magnetic compass.
			cross staff.
			astrolabe.
4	By the mid-fifteenth century Portuguese mariners had developed a strategy called the volta do mar that
			enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against trade winds.
			were winds north and south of the equator that followed a specific pattern.
			allowed mariners to avoid the use of sails for extended periods of time.
5	The sea route to the Indian Ocean established by Bartolomeu Dias offered European merchants
			a chance to trade with Muslim intermediaries.
			a chance to buy goods at their source.
			a swifter sea route to engage in the slave trade.
6	Cristoforo Colombo believed that by sailing west 2,500 nautical miles he would
			reach the Canary Islands and initiate a spice trade with the natives.
			find a more profitable route to Japan.
			eventually reach the Americas in his quest for gold.
7	The reconnaissance of the Pacific Ocean by European mariners resulted in all of the following except
			the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia.
			the circumnavigation of the world by Ferdinand Magellan.
			a reasonably accurate understanding of the world's ocean basins, their lands and their people.
8	The aggressive trade policies of the Portuguese under the guidance of Alfonso d'Alboquerque were successful due to
			the inability of the VOC to negotiate trade treaties with India.
			the use of heavy artillery to overpower other craft and onshore sights.
			the inability of the Arab, Indian and Malay merchants to compete with the Portuguese.
9	The English East Indian Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all of the following except
			funds to outfit ships and hire crews.
			commodities and money for trade.
			government control over all charters.
10	Spanish forces under the command of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi were able to conquer the Philippines due to
			the assistance of China and India.
			the lack of a powerful state and superior Spanish forces.
			the desire of the island chiefdoms to enter into a treaty with the Spanish.
11	The Dutch, under the direction of Jan Pieterszoon Coen and the VOC, were more interested in control of the production of spices than conquests for empire because
			their numbers were too few for them to rule directly over all of southeast Asia.
			the Dutch financial empire was too weak to maintain vast holdings.
			the cost of managing spice plantations was prohibitive for the VOC.
12	The Seven Years' War is often referred to as "the great war for empire" for all of the following reasons except
			it laid the foundation for 150 years of British hegemony.
			it engaged the indigenous peoples of the Americas in a European conflict.
			it was fought completely on European soil.
13	The early diffusion of plants and food crops throughout much of the eastern hemisphere prior to the age of exploration
			resulted in demographic loss throughout Eurasia and north Africa.
			spurred demographic growth.
			prevented the spread of virgin soil epidemics in the Americas.
14	The Columbian exchange had consequences more profound than did earlier rounds of biological diffusion because
			the Columbian exchange involved lands with radically different flora, fauna, and diseases.
			the indigenous people of the Americas failed to take the precautions that would have prevented the spread of the diseases.
			the population of the Americas was very sparse and therefore harder hit by epidemic diseases.
15	Which of the following facilitated the rapid spread of small pox, influenza, and measles in the Americas?
			the densely populated urban centers
			poor hygiene and inadequate medicines
			lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity
16	Over the long term, the Columbian exchange increased rather than diminished human populations for all of the following reasons except
			increase of food supplies.
			the transformation of American grasses into meat and milk for human consumption.
			the intermarriage between indigenous people of the Americas and their European counterparts.
17	Besides stimulating commerce in the eastern hemisphere, the voyages of European merchant mariners also encouraged
			the emergence of a genuinely global trading system.
			global warfare on an unprecedented scale.
			the creation of international treaties and national unification.
18	Manila Galleons illustrate the early workings of the global economy in the Pacific Ocean basin through all of the following except
			they were heavily armed and could carry large cargoes.
			they carried silver from Mexico to the Philippines.
			they were used as slave ships to transport large numbers of Africans to the Americas.