Quiz

1 Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic church was greatly aided by which of the following?
the printing press
the enthusiastic support of clergy in the Catholic church
local newspapers
2 Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because
he attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford.
he supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages.
both of the above
3 What were the political motivations that encouraged the spread of Protestantism?
Protestantism provided people an opportunity to overthrow monarchies.
Protestantism encouraged militarism in European nations.
Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome
4 The Roman Catholic Church's response to the reformation was the Catholic Reformation. What shape did this response take?
The Church responded with military action.
Roman Catholic authorities clarified doctrine and deepened their spiritual commitment.
Neither A nor B
5 One of the positive responses of the Catholic Reformation was an admission of failure in training priests properly for their role. How did the education of the Jesuits differ from that of their predecessors?
They received instruction in theology and philosophy
They received instruction in languages, literature, history and science,
Both a and b
6 One of the negative responses to a period of religious enthusiasm was the hunt for witches. Theologians supported their hunt for witches with the theory
that some people had special knowledge.
that witches derived their power from the devil.
that some people had unusual powers.
7 Religious tensions during this period also led to outright war. The most devastating to Europe was the Thirty Years' War. What was the motivation for this war?
The pope tried to force his subjects to return to the Catholic Church.
Elizabeth I attempted to force Protestantism on Spain.
Neither a nor b.
8 Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation?
the people, because they had religious freedom
centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority
the Catholic Church, because it gained more committed supporters
9 Charles V tried to re-establish the power of the Holy Roman Empire but encountered many obstacles including
his loss of authority in Germany.
imperial fragmentation and foreign challenges to his authority.
Neither a nor b.
10 What qualities defined the "new monarchs"?
their commitment to religious communities and centralized churches
an interest in individual liberty
increased financial wealth and state building through tax revenues
11 The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance state ends. What were those state ends?
increased revenues for the Spanish crown
raising of a vast army for Spain
deterring Spanish nobles from adopting Protestant views out of political ambition
12 While some European states moved towards absolute monarchies, others struggled with the birth of constitutional monarchies. What are the tenets of a constitutional monarchy?
Power and authority are shared.
A monarch must be elected by the people.
Citizens are given the franchise and the right to hold office.
13 What tenet does an absolute monarchy base its power and authority on?
Power and authority are based on a contract with the citizens.
Absolute authority is founded on the divine right of kings.
Neither of the above
14 The Thirty Years' War was concluded with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. The terms of this treaty
laid the foundation for a system of independent competing states.
split Europe between Catholicism and Protestantism.
prevented the establishment of sovereign states.
15 Along with the development of the sovereign states the Protestant Reformation was a period of economic and population growth that led to the development of capitalism. What factors contributed to this development?
the growth of global markets that increased wealth
increased technology, communications and transportation
both a and b
16 The joint-stock companies were especially important in early capitalist society because
they created the need for a large military force.
they increased the need for outside investment.
they organized commercial ventures on a global scale
17 The Copernican theory of planetary movement revolutionized scientific knowledge of the universe but
threatened religious beliefs.
inspired others to seek out new evidence about the universe, including Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei.
both a and b
18 Isaac Newton's seminal work laid the framework for physics and mathematics until the twentieth century. What were his major conclusions?
The laws of gravitation regulate the motions of the planets, tides and other seemingly unrelated phenomena.
The laws of relativity explain the properties of time and distance.
neither a nor b
19 The Enlightenment was a period in which human thought was transformed from a belief in the supernatural and unobservable to
the literal interpretation of biblical text for knowledge about the universe.
the uses of rational analysis to explain human behavior and institutions as well as the natural world.
reliance on the classics from Greece and Rome to provide knowledge about the universe.
20 The Enlightenment produced the religious philosophy deism. What belief was central to this philosophy?
There is no supreme deity.
There is a supreme deity but no supernatural events.
The supreme deity intervenes in human existence.